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​To avoid plagiarism, a few strategies can be used. The first thing to do is to decide if a source is needed. Following, if a source is used, the writer needs to decide how a source must be cited. In this process, a paraphrase strategy can be used. These are displayed below.


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To decide if you need a source and how to cite sources used, follow this flowchart:​


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To decide how to cite the sources that you need, use this flowchart:

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Follow these basic guidelines to ensure that you are providing proper attribution to the ideas of others and, as such, avoiding plagiarism and academic integrity violations:

  • When you use words, writing, facts, information, ideas, or data from any source besides your own mind, you must formally provide the source of that material in papers, presentations, or any other writing.

  • When you use the exact words of the cited material, you must put quotation marks around the word-for-word text (or use a block quote for passages 40 words or longer) and provide a specific page/paragraph number along with other required information in the in-text citation.

  • ​If you do not quote the material, you must paraphrase it. 

    • ​​Paraphrasing means presenting someone else's idea in your own words. It does not make it your idea, and so when you paraphrase, you still must cite. And, you cannot simply replace a few words within a sentence or restructure the sentence with the same words. The paraphrase must be entirely different from the original. This is not always easy to do!

You must also understand the difference between paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting (all of which must be cited in your paper)​.

  • Quoting: Reproducing original text word for word within quotation marks or block quote.

  • Summarizing: Conveying the main points of a longer body of work; the end result is often shorter than the original and omits unnecessary information.

  • Paraphrasing: Conveying a main idea or concept within a larger body of work in your own words; the end result might be as long as or even longer than the original depending on how you've reworded it and how you are synthesizing it with other concepts.​



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MWS_plagiarism header 11.pngParaphrasing is a higher-order writing skill, and one that is required in research writing for presenting background information, research problems, and literature reviews. Here are some process tips for paraphrasing:

  1. ​Read the original passage several times through so that you are sure you understand it.

  2. Put the original passage out of sight (e.g., close the document on your computer, close the book, tuck the article away in a drawer).

  3. Open a blank document.

  4. Talk to someone about the original passage; do your best to explain it verbally in your own words.

  5. Write the idea in your own words​.

​Here are two paraphrase templates you can use to begin practicing paraphrasing and avoid plagiarism.​


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