Overview
​How people view their own race and ethnicity is often a core component of their own identities. With such importance for individuals, it is crucial that we address race and ethnicity with respect and person-first language. When in doubt, defer to how an individual refers to themselves.​

What to Say and What Not to Say
Say ThisNot ThisHere's Why
Black/African American (language depends on individual circumstances)Black/African American in incorrect circumstances (see resources at right)Many members of the Black community do not identify as African American. Refer to this resource for guidance on the language to use.
Asian American/ Asian Orientals Offensive; outdated 
Mixed-Race/ Biracial  Can be other races not only to white/black  
Middle Easterner/ East Indians 
Arab/MuslimNot all Middle Easterners are Arab or Muslim.
BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and people of color)   BIPOC is considered person-first language. When in doubt about best language to use, refer back to this resource's guiding questions.
WhiteCaucasian The use of Caucasian stems from an outdated racial classification.
Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Orientals Offensive; outdated 
Hispanic ​May be utilized when referring to those who speak Spanish.    
Latinx/Latine  ​Terms that are gender-neutral and refer to a diverse group of people with roots in Latin America (El Centro, 2023). Latinx is primarily used in English-speaking contexts.
Indigenous people, First Nations peoples (specific to Canada)IndiansThese are terms recognized by the United Nations, rather than using an outdated and offensive term.
American Indian/ Alaskan Native  IndiansPreference of National Congress of American Indians.

Resources

The resources below shaped the guidance above. Please explore below to learn more.​​